Case Manipulation Functions - (UPPER, LOWER, INITCAP)

1) UPPER

This command can accept only one argument and displays in an upper case format.

Example

SELECT UPPER(FIRST_NAME) FROM EMPLOYEES;

UPPER(FIRST_NAME)
--------------------
ELLEN
SUNDAR
MOZHE
DAVID

2) LOWER

This command can accept only one argument and displays in a lower case format.

Example

SELECT LOWER(FIRST_NAME) FROM EMPLOYEES;

LOWER(FIRST_NAME)
--------------------
ellen
sundar
mozhe
david

3) INITCAP

This command can accept one argument and display the first character in the capital.

Example

SELECT INITCAP(SNAME) FROM STUDENT;

INITCAP(FIRST_NAME)
--------------------
Ellen
Sundar
Mozhe
David